C++ Variables and Data Types

C++ Variables and Data Types

If you’re new to C++, one of the first things you’ll come across is variables and data types. Don’t worry — this post will explain these concepts in the simplest way possible, just like I wish someone had explained to me when I started learning programming.

Let’s break it down.

🧠 What is a Variable?

A variable is like a container in your computer’s memory. You use it to store information that your program can use later.

Think of it like a lunchbox. You label it with a name, and you put some food (data) inside. When you’re hungry (need the value), you open the box and eat what’s inside.

In C++, here’s how you declare a variable:

cpp int age = 21;


This line means:

• int is the type of data (we’re storing a number).

• age is the name of the variable.

• 21 is the value we’re putting inside it.

📦 Common Data Types in C++

C++ is a strongly typed language, meaning you must tell it what kind of data you’re storing.

Here are some basic ones:

Note: To use string, you need to include this at the top of your code:

 #include <string>


🔧 Declaring and Using Variables

Here’s a small C++ program using different data types:

 #include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int age = 21;
float weight = 55.5;
char grade = ‘A’;
string name = “Aman”;
bool isStudent = true;

cout << “Name: ” << name << endl;
cout << “Age: ” << age << endl;
cout << “Weight: ” << weight << endl;
cout << “Grade: ” << grade << endl;
cout << “Is a student? ” << isStudent << endl;

return 0;
}

Output:

vbnet Name: Aman
Age: 21
Weight: 55.5
Grade: A
Is a student? 1


⚠️ Quick Tips for Beginners

• Use meaningful names: Instead of x or y, use age, price, totalMarks etc.

• Case sensitive: Age and age are not the same in C++.

• Initialize your variables: Don’t forget to give them a value before using.